Pharmaceutical Technology

Patent Medicine Store A patent medicine store popularly known as a chemist is a store that stock and sell over the counter (O.T.C) drugs. However, patent medicine stores are not supposed to be called chemist. Pharmacists Council of Nigeria (P.C.N) at such capacity approves them to operate within the shores of the country.  Patent stores are managed, not by the pharmacist but by individuals who feel the need to serve the nation in such capacity. They are found in major villages where pharmacist stores are scarce. They also serve to augment the services of the pharmacist in towns and cities.  This business is very lucrative and so the requirements are a little bit strict. The requirements to own one is similar within the country. However, the ability to keep up in the business may require a little knowledge on the drugs. Registration Of Patent Medicine Store In Ogun State, it is practically a straightforward thing. The major requirement is to get yourself registere...

Drugs  are obtained from six major sources: Plant sources Animal sources Mineral/ Earth sources Microbiological sources Semi synthetic sources/ Synthetic sources Recombinant DNA technology 1. Plant Sources: Plant source is the oldest source of drugs. Most of the drugs in ancient times were derived from plants. Almost all parts of the plants are used i.e. leaves, stem, bark, fruits and roots. Leaves: a. The leaves of Digitalis Purpurea are the source of Digitoxin and Digoxin, which are cardiac glycosides. b. Leaves of Eucalyptus give oil of Eucalyptus, which is important component of cough syrup. c. Tobacco leaves give nicotine. d. Atropa belladonna gives atropine. Flowers: Poppy papaver somniferum gives morphine (opoid) Vinca rosea gives vincristine and vinblastine Rose gives rose water used as tonic. Photo of Papaver somniferum by  Evelyn Simak Fruits: Senna pod gives anthracine, which is a purgative (used in constipation) ...

Fraction of the dose of a drug contained in any dosage form that reaches the systemic circulation in unchanged or active form administered through any route is known as bioavailability. Drugs injected using intravenous route of administration have 100% bioavailability, while others have much less bioavailability, because: All of the drug may not be adsorbed Metabolism of the drug might occur before reaching the site of action Drugs not absorbed by the oral route are highly polar drugs, thus have low bioavailability. Bioavailability = AUC (oral)/ AUC (I/V) x 100 Where AUC is the area under the curve X-axis represents time, while y-axis represents the plasma concentration. Bioavailability is the ratio of the area calculated for oral route of administration to the intravenous route of administration. It is determined by comparing the plasma levels of a drug after adminis...