#Daily_Home_Needs
*HARPIC PRODUCTION*
*Ingredients*
SULPHURNIC - 100cl
Water-8litres
Hcl-2litres
Borax and baking powder -½tsp each
Color - as desired
Fragrance - optional
Genipur - 50ml
*Method*
in a big bowl, add 5 litres of water, add your SULPHURNIC and keep stirring, for it to mix very well. Although it won't dissolve fully, then add the Hcl and keep stirring continuously.
Add your genipur, Borax and baking soda, color and fragrance keep stirring even though it's thick.
Add your remaining water gradually so u can have d exact texture u want.
*Note* - you must stir to make sure the SULPHURNIC dissolves properly and clockwise like wen baking.
Watch the quantity of fragrance you add to avoid the mixture getting too light.
Best fragrance to use in this is called blue water.
________________________________
*BLEACH*
*INGREDIENT*
Caustic soda-2cups (milk cup)
Soda ash-1 milk cup
HTH- 1 and half cup
Water-7litres
*Method*
Soak the caustic soda with 3litres of water to ferment (overnight)
Stir at intervals
Then by morning add the remaining water, HTH and soda ash..
Stir and leave it to mix properly for 2days or more.
Then get a sieve, the type used for making raw pap or kunu and sieve your content.
If it's too harsh, please add water to your preferred desire cos some caustic soda can be very harsh.
Please be very careful with caustic soda to avoid splash.
____________________________
*DISINFECTANT*
Chrozanol-1/4litre
Pine oil-1/4litre
Genipur-1/4litre
Methanol - 7litres
Dettol color - a drop but not more than a cap
*Method*
Put the first 3 items in a bucket or bowl. Please use big paint bucket. Then stir
Add the Dettol color
Then start adding the methanol gradually, and stir until the surface becomes clear. The methanol serves as Bleach to lighten up the mixture, water is not needed. You may not finish the methanol, cos some methanol are very strong. Please while adding the methanol, stir and keep testing in water if it's OK. Excess methanol can make it harsh.
____________________________
*HAIR SHAMPOO*
*Recipe*
Antisol- depending on your texture
Sulphunic- 75cl
Texapon-1kg or more depending on your water
Formalin 1 lotus
Soda ash (fermented)- 1kg
Color- orange
Fragrance
*METHOD*
Dissolve your antisol With water and add more water to your texture (please use the instant one not the soaking one) Take another bowl and pour water (1 ltr) and add everything except antisol and perfume.
Mix together and pour your antisol into your mixture and add fragrance.
____________________________
TOILET WASH
Recipe
Natrosol- many or as desired (it's to make it thick)
Texapon-1kg
SLS-1 milk cup
Caustic soda-1/2kg
Soda ash—1 milk cup
Hcl- half litre
Color- your choice
Water-10-15litres
Method
Soak the caustic soda to dissolve for a day with 5litres of water, then add the hcl, and cover till the next day (hcl will make the environment look smoky and might even make the mixture foam/pour out of the bucket). I advice u use big paint bucket. Then get another bowl, mix the soda ash and SLS (Dissolve the SLS to paste before adding) together. Then add your texapon, mix together with the soda ash and SLS, add your color, then add it to the caustic soda in d bucket and stir vigorously.
Get another paint bucket, mix your Natrosol (the instant one is better, avoid the one u soak for days) with little quantity of water, make sure it Dissolves properly, then start adding the mixture in the other bucket to it gradually, stir while adding, then u can add more water if it's too thick.
Use enough Natrosol to balance with the mixture else there might be separation in the process.
Then after mixing u can leave for a few hours, before packaging.
____________________________
BALM
Recipe
Jelly-1/4kg
Menthol crystal-1/4 tbsp
Pepper mint oil-smallest tin tomato cup
Industrial camphor - A pinch
Paraffin wax – small cup (same with pepper mint oil)
Color - very light yellow
Method
Put on your stove low heat, and do a double boiler put the jelly in and when it is melted, add your paraffin wax and after it has melted add the other things on the recipe list. Allow them melt then add your color allow it cool a little and pour into a plastic container for use
____________________________
VASELINE
Petroleum jelly-7tbsp
Glycerin-2-4drops
Lanolin -1 teaspoon
Paraffin wax-1table spoon
Paraffin oil-5tbspoon
Color - very small
Fragrance - not more than 5drops
METHOD-
heat your paraffin oil in a pot (3mins)
Add the wax (make sure it dissolves)
Add d lanolin (put off the fire) allow it cool
Add glycerine, Perfume and color...
____________________________
GERMICIDE (Izal)
Recipe.
75cl carbolic,
19cl lysol,
75cl concentrate
75cl whitner
75cl booster
10 litres of water
Method-
put 2litres of water in a bucket and, turn the carbolic inside, stir for a long time. Make sure it melts , add lysol to it add 3 litres of water, add concentrate and booster and whitner stir for 20mins minimum then see if it look thick then add the remain 2
litres of water. Carbolic takes time to dissolve so u must be patient with it.
____________________________
HOMEMADE HAND WASH
Recipe
A good toilet bar soap (that is SLS free)
2 big jug of water
EDTA-1 TABLE SPOON
VITAMIN E-1 TABLE SPOON
GLYCERINE-1 AND HALF TABLE SPOON
METHOD
Grate your soap.
Turn the water into a pot add EDTA (it deionize water)
Add your vitamin E
Then stir make sure its well mixed
Then add your grated soap and glycerine.
Stir and put on low heat for 5-7mins and keep stirring.
Remove from fire and cover for 12hrs.
But keep stirring at intervals.
After 12 hrs u can package.
Materials Needed for laundry Soap Production*
👉Oil:Palm Kernel Oil(PKO):this is the oil that is mostly used for producing washing soap,firstly because it gives a good lather,secondly because its surplus and relatively cheap compared to other oils
👉Custic soda: this is the most important chemical in soap production. Without custic soda,u cannot produce soap.
*these 👆are the two most important ingredients in making laundry soap*
👉sodium silicate. This is what makes the soap harder,so that it won't melt easily while using it to wash
👉soda ash(optional):This helps in increasing the quantity of soap,but I don't use it because it gives just a little increase,and d increase is just worth the price of the soda ash. So its pointless
👉sodium sulphate ( optional) it is also believed to increase soap quantity
👉perfume:this gives scent to your soap.
👉colour:gives the soap colour
👉hydrometer: this is for measuring the alkalinity of the custic soda solution
👉mould: its a container for pouring the soap batter after mixing,for it to solidify.
👉soap cutter or knife:for cutting the soap after it dries.
👉long sleeves and handgloves: for protecting the hands
👉face mask;to prevent yourself from inhaling the chemicals
👉 *pls note that all those ingredients I wrote "optional". They can be used but the truth is that it doesn't make a difference to your soap,and it simply increases your cost of production* personally I don't use them because if I do,then how much will I sell the soaps? I only use PKO,Custic soda,silicate,perfume and colour(sometimes). If I want an off white soap,I don't use colour.
There are two methods of soap production. We have the *Hot Process(HP)* And we have the *Cold Process(CP)*. I'll be teaching the CP method,because that's the method I use.
*How to make custic soda solution*
Before u start making soap,you have to prepare your custic soda solution. *What is custic soda solution:* It is the process of dissolving and soaking your custic soda with adequate amount of water, and leaving it to soak for days(at least 1day,for it to ferment. The liquid caustic soda is what we call custic soda solution
*formular for making custic soda solution:* The general formular is 1:2. I.e, 1 to ratio 2. 1 stand for caustic soda,and 2 stands for water. This means that if your caustic soda is 1 cup,u will use 2 cups of water to soak it. If your caustic soda is 2 cups,you will use 4 cups of water to soak it. This also means that If caustic soda is 1kg,you will use 2 liters of water to soak it. Also if ur caustic soda is half kg,u will use 1 liter of water to soak it.This also means that if u buy 2kg of custic soda,you will use 4 liters of water to soak it. And so on...
Pls note that even after using this formular,to soak the caustic soda,it will still be too strong for making soap. And this is where the use of hydrometer comes in.At the point when u want to produce ur soap,you will use ur hydrometer to test the alkalinity of the caustic soda solution,add more water to adjust, then test it again.
*definition of soap mould and the different types*
👉Mould is any container which you pour you soap,for it to dry. We have wooden mould,alluminium mould,plastic plastic mould,and silicon mold.Wooden and aluminium moulds are common, but plastic and silicon moulds are not.
Having done all these introductions,we are now going into the soap making proper;
Now we shall have an explanation on how to produce laundry soap using 2 liters of PKO
*soap chemicals and measurement*
👉PKO: 2 liters
👉custic soda solution:1liter
👉silicate:2 to 3 table spoons
👉colour: to your taste
👉perfume: to your taste
*procedure*
1-- pour your PKO in a plastic bucket
2--Put a pinch of colour-half tea spoon(oil based colour)and stir very well so it mixes with ur pko
3--pour your custic soda solution and stir
4--put the silicate(3 to 4 table spoons)and perfume and stir. You will have a smooth pap-like consistency.(just like pap or custard)
4--pour into mould that has already been lined with nylon.
5--leave for at least 6 hours or 24 hours to solidify.
6--then remove from the mould and transfer to your soap cutter and cut
7-- then stamp ur soaps or just cut without stamping.
____________________________
*PERMANENT PINK LIP BALM*
*Ingredients*
42 grams of almond oil
9 gram beet root
6 gram Shea butter
30 gram coconut oil
6 gms bee wax
1gms vit E oil
1 gms flavouring.
U can add drops of lactic acid, vitamin C
*Process*
Melt shea butter, oils & beeswax....allow to cool then mix in beet root powder.
Stir,until there is no clumps then add flavoured oil.
Include 1 tbsp of licorice and 1tbsp of arbutin powder or serum
*Method 2 materials*
1/4th cup of grated Carrot
4 Tbsp of Olive Oil
4 Tbsp of Sweet Almond Oil
2 Tbsp of Honey
*PROCESS*
Heat olive oil and almond oil in a small pan on a low flame. Add the grated carrot to oil. Cover the pan with a lid and let it heat for about 15 minutes on a very low flame. Remove from heat and leave the carrot to infused in the oil for about 1 hour. When the oil is ready, strain it and mix honey. Pour this mixture into a clean lip balm jar. To use, clean your lips with a moist cotton and then take a small amount of the carrot balm and massage on your lips. Leave it overnight to reveal super soft pink lips.
____________________________
Lets go to *How to make Air Freshener*
*Texapon 1 cup*
*Methanol 1 litre*
*Colour of choice.*
*Desired Fragrance*
*Water 10 litre*
*Mix methanol with fragrance . This will make the fragrance to incorporate into the mixture. Thereby, not making the fragrance to float once the product is ready*
*The next step is to pour your texapon*
*Mix colour with water and add to the mixture. Air freshener is ready*
____________________________
*Candle making*
Ingredients/Materials Needed For Candle Making.
*There are 3 basic materials needed in the production of candles. When you look at a candle, what do you see? Wax and a tiny thread that runs from the base of the candle through the top. But you also need something oily to prevent it from burning uncontrollably. Hence the materials needed are:*
1. Wax
2. Wick
3. Steric acid
1. *Candle Wax*
This is the main raw material and it forms the majority of the candle. It is the wax itself that is used to mould the candle into its shape, and it is what melts when it comes in contact with fire. The type of candle wax used now is called paraffin wax. Long ago, bees wax, produced by bees was used by candle makers, but as time went on, paraffin wax was discovered, which had by far better combustion properties in the sense that it had lower affinity, and therefore took more time to melt, hence, lasted longer. Paraffin wax differs in prices and can come in different colours. It is easy to find in the market. Just request for candle wax and paraffin would be shown to you. It is sold in slabs or pellets.
2. *Candle Wick*
The wick is that tiny thread that runs from the bottom of the candle through the top. It is considered by many as the soul of the candle. In today’s world, the type of wick used is the braided wick. The size of the candle and the materials you are using will determine the type of wick to use. Paraffin wax is soaked more easily, so it requires a thinner wick. You have to check the quality of the wick because a low quality wick can destroy the candle in the sense that if the wick burns faster than it should, it could lead to constant quenching of the candle fire.
3 *Steric Acid*
Before the discovery of paraffin, steric wax by itself was used to make candles using large wicks. These days, stearic acid is used with paraffin to help in combustion. The steric acid is mixed with the wax and serves as a regulator and fuel. It keeps the fire alive. It is a crystalline fatty acid that is usually colourless and odorless.
Materials needed*
1. Pot.
2. Stove.
3. Turning stick.
4. Candle Wax.
5. Wick.
6. Steric acid.
7. Mould
*Production process*
1. Melt your candle wax on a low heat.
2. When it melts, you pour in a quantity of your steric acid which i already mentioned it functions. *Turn/stir*
The production process varies from manual to the use of machines. A candle making machine costs from N100k and above, depending on the size and capability. The production process, using machines or manually is usually either of these.
3. Pouring: Pouring is simple. After the raw materials have been mixed and are hot and melted, a tube with the shape you want the candle to be is brought (or a series of tubes), the wick is placed inside the tube molds and the hot wax is poured into the tube and left to cool before removing from the mold and packaging.
____________________________
Let's move on to *Facial Cleanser( 10 Ltrs)*
Materials needed
IPA - 6Ltrs
WATER - 3Ltrs
GLYCERIN - 1Ltr
COLOR - your choice
*Production process*
Put IPA in a bowl
Add water
Add Glycerin
Add color
Stir
Package and leave for 48mins before using
*Please note*
Physical Effects of Ethanol and Methanol
Ethanol - If you ingest ethanol, you will begin to feel intoxicated. Only after a large dose will you feel ill, vomit, or develop alcohol poisoning.
Methanol - should never be ingested, inhaled, or come in contact with your skin. Even a small dose, less than half a teaspoon, can cause blindness and less than four ounces is consistently fatal.
*This is the end of today's lecture please let's continue tomorrow, if you have any questions ask and I will come back to answer them*
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*HARPIC PRODUCTION*
*Ingredients*
SULPHURNIC - 100cl
Water-8litres
Hcl-2litres
Borax and baking powder -½tsp each
Color - as desired
Fragrance - optional
Genipur - 50ml
*Method*
in a big bowl, add 5 litres of water, add your SULPHURNIC and keep stirring, for it to mix very well. Although it won't dissolve fully, then add the Hcl and keep stirring continuously.
Add your genipur, Borax and baking soda, color and fragrance keep stirring even though it's thick.
Add your remaining water gradually so u can have d exact texture u want.
*Note* - you must stir to make sure the SULPHURNIC dissolves properly and clockwise like wen baking.
Watch the quantity of fragrance you add to avoid the mixture getting too light.
Best fragrance to use in this is called blue water.
________________________________
*BLEACH*
*INGREDIENT*
Caustic soda-2cups (milk cup)
Soda ash-1 milk cup
HTH- 1 and half cup
Water-7litres
*Method*
Soak the caustic soda with 3litres of water to ferment (overnight)
Stir at intervals
Then by morning add the remaining water, HTH and soda ash..
Stir and leave it to mix properly for 2days or more.
Then get a sieve, the type used for making raw pap or kunu and sieve your content.
If it's too harsh, please add water to your preferred desire cos some caustic soda can be very harsh.
Please be very careful with caustic soda to avoid splash.
____________________________
*DISINFECTANT*
Chrozanol-1/4litre
Pine oil-1/4litre
Genipur-1/4litre
Methanol - 7litres
Dettol color - a drop but not more than a cap
*Method*
Put the first 3 items in a bucket or bowl. Please use big paint bucket. Then stir
Add the Dettol color
Then start adding the methanol gradually, and stir until the surface becomes clear. The methanol serves as Bleach to lighten up the mixture, water is not needed. You may not finish the methanol, cos some methanol are very strong. Please while adding the methanol, stir and keep testing in water if it's OK. Excess methanol can make it harsh.
____________________________
*HAIR SHAMPOO*
*Recipe*
Antisol- depending on your texture
Sulphunic- 75cl
Texapon-1kg or more depending on your water
Formalin 1 lotus
Soda ash (fermented)- 1kg
Color- orange
Fragrance
*METHOD*
Dissolve your antisol With water and add more water to your texture (please use the instant one not the soaking one) Take another bowl and pour water (1 ltr) and add everything except antisol and perfume.
Mix together and pour your antisol into your mixture and add fragrance.
____________________________
TOILET WASH
Recipe
Natrosol- many or as desired (it's to make it thick)
Texapon-1kg
SLS-1 milk cup
Caustic soda-1/2kg
Soda ash—1 milk cup
Hcl- half litre
Color- your choice
Water-10-15litres
Method
Soak the caustic soda to dissolve for a day with 5litres of water, then add the hcl, and cover till the next day (hcl will make the environment look smoky and might even make the mixture foam/pour out of the bucket). I advice u use big paint bucket. Then get another bowl, mix the soda ash and SLS (Dissolve the SLS to paste before adding) together. Then add your texapon, mix together with the soda ash and SLS, add your color, then add it to the caustic soda in d bucket and stir vigorously.
Get another paint bucket, mix your Natrosol (the instant one is better, avoid the one u soak for days) with little quantity of water, make sure it Dissolves properly, then start adding the mixture in the other bucket to it gradually, stir while adding, then u can add more water if it's too thick.
Use enough Natrosol to balance with the mixture else there might be separation in the process.
Then after mixing u can leave for a few hours, before packaging.
____________________________
BALM
Recipe
Jelly-1/4kg
Menthol crystal-1/4 tbsp
Pepper mint oil-smallest tin tomato cup
Industrial camphor - A pinch
Paraffin wax – small cup (same with pepper mint oil)
Color - very light yellow
Method
Put on your stove low heat, and do a double boiler put the jelly in and when it is melted, add your paraffin wax and after it has melted add the other things on the recipe list. Allow them melt then add your color allow it cool a little and pour into a plastic container for use
____________________________
VASELINE
Petroleum jelly-7tbsp
Glycerin-2-4drops
Lanolin -1 teaspoon
Paraffin wax-1table spoon
Paraffin oil-5tbspoon
Color - very small
Fragrance - not more than 5drops
METHOD-
heat your paraffin oil in a pot (3mins)
Add the wax (make sure it dissolves)
Add d lanolin (put off the fire) allow it cool
Add glycerine, Perfume and color...
____________________________
GERMICIDE (Izal)
Recipe.
75cl carbolic,
19cl lysol,
75cl concentrate
75cl whitner
75cl booster
10 litres of water
Method-
put 2litres of water in a bucket and, turn the carbolic inside, stir for a long time. Make sure it melts , add lysol to it add 3 litres of water, add concentrate and booster and whitner stir for 20mins minimum then see if it look thick then add the remain 2
litres of water. Carbolic takes time to dissolve so u must be patient with it.
____________________________
HOMEMADE HAND WASH
Recipe
A good toilet bar soap (that is SLS free)
2 big jug of water
EDTA-1 TABLE SPOON
VITAMIN E-1 TABLE SPOON
GLYCERINE-1 AND HALF TABLE SPOON
METHOD
Grate your soap.
Turn the water into a pot add EDTA (it deionize water)
Add your vitamin E
Then stir make sure its well mixed
Then add your grated soap and glycerine.
Stir and put on low heat for 5-7mins and keep stirring.
Remove from fire and cover for 12hrs.
But keep stirring at intervals.
After 12 hrs u can package.
Materials Needed for laundry Soap Production*
👉Oil:Palm Kernel Oil(PKO):this is the oil that is mostly used for producing washing soap,firstly because it gives a good lather,secondly because its surplus and relatively cheap compared to other oils
👉Custic soda: this is the most important chemical in soap production. Without custic soda,u cannot produce soap.
*these 👆are the two most important ingredients in making laundry soap*
👉sodium silicate. This is what makes the soap harder,so that it won't melt easily while using it to wash
👉soda ash(optional):This helps in increasing the quantity of soap,but I don't use it because it gives just a little increase,and d increase is just worth the price of the soda ash. So its pointless
👉sodium sulphate ( optional) it is also believed to increase soap quantity
👉perfume:this gives scent to your soap.
👉colour:gives the soap colour
👉hydrometer: this is for measuring the alkalinity of the custic soda solution
👉mould: its a container for pouring the soap batter after mixing,for it to solidify.
👉soap cutter or knife:for cutting the soap after it dries.
👉long sleeves and handgloves: for protecting the hands
👉face mask;to prevent yourself from inhaling the chemicals
👉 *pls note that all those ingredients I wrote "optional". They can be used but the truth is that it doesn't make a difference to your soap,and it simply increases your cost of production* personally I don't use them because if I do,then how much will I sell the soaps? I only use PKO,Custic soda,silicate,perfume and colour(sometimes). If I want an off white soap,I don't use colour.
There are two methods of soap production. We have the *Hot Process(HP)* And we have the *Cold Process(CP)*. I'll be teaching the CP method,because that's the method I use.
*How to make custic soda solution*
Before u start making soap,you have to prepare your custic soda solution. *What is custic soda solution:* It is the process of dissolving and soaking your custic soda with adequate amount of water, and leaving it to soak for days(at least 1day,for it to ferment. The liquid caustic soda is what we call custic soda solution
*formular for making custic soda solution:* The general formular is 1:2. I.e, 1 to ratio 2. 1 stand for caustic soda,and 2 stands for water. This means that if your caustic soda is 1 cup,u will use 2 cups of water to soak it. If your caustic soda is 2 cups,you will use 4 cups of water to soak it. This also means that If caustic soda is 1kg,you will use 2 liters of water to soak it. Also if ur caustic soda is half kg,u will use 1 liter of water to soak it.This also means that if u buy 2kg of custic soda,you will use 4 liters of water to soak it. And so on...
Pls note that even after using this formular,to soak the caustic soda,it will still be too strong for making soap. And this is where the use of hydrometer comes in.At the point when u want to produce ur soap,you will use ur hydrometer to test the alkalinity of the caustic soda solution,add more water to adjust, then test it again.
*definition of soap mould and the different types*
👉Mould is any container which you pour you soap,for it to dry. We have wooden mould,alluminium mould,plastic plastic mould,and silicon mold.Wooden and aluminium moulds are common, but plastic and silicon moulds are not.
Having done all these introductions,we are now going into the soap making proper;
Now we shall have an explanation on how to produce laundry soap using 2 liters of PKO
*soap chemicals and measurement*
👉PKO: 2 liters
👉custic soda solution:1liter
👉silicate:2 to 3 table spoons
👉colour: to your taste
👉perfume: to your taste
*procedure*
1-- pour your PKO in a plastic bucket
2--Put a pinch of colour-half tea spoon(oil based colour)and stir very well so it mixes with ur pko
3--pour your custic soda solution and stir
4--put the silicate(3 to 4 table spoons)and perfume and stir. You will have a smooth pap-like consistency.(just like pap or custard)
4--pour into mould that has already been lined with nylon.
5--leave for at least 6 hours or 24 hours to solidify.
6--then remove from the mould and transfer to your soap cutter and cut
7-- then stamp ur soaps or just cut without stamping.
____________________________
*PERMANENT PINK LIP BALM*
*Ingredients*
42 grams of almond oil
9 gram beet root
6 gram Shea butter
30 gram coconut oil
6 gms bee wax
1gms vit E oil
1 gms flavouring.
U can add drops of lactic acid, vitamin C
*Process*
Melt shea butter, oils & beeswax....allow to cool then mix in beet root powder.
Stir,until there is no clumps then add flavoured oil.
Include 1 tbsp of licorice and 1tbsp of arbutin powder or serum
*Method 2 materials*
1/4th cup of grated Carrot
4 Tbsp of Olive Oil
4 Tbsp of Sweet Almond Oil
2 Tbsp of Honey
*PROCESS*
Heat olive oil and almond oil in a small pan on a low flame. Add the grated carrot to oil. Cover the pan with a lid and let it heat for about 15 minutes on a very low flame. Remove from heat and leave the carrot to infused in the oil for about 1 hour. When the oil is ready, strain it and mix honey. Pour this mixture into a clean lip balm jar. To use, clean your lips with a moist cotton and then take a small amount of the carrot balm and massage on your lips. Leave it overnight to reveal super soft pink lips.
____________________________
Lets go to *How to make Air Freshener*
*Texapon 1 cup*
*Methanol 1 litre*
*Colour of choice.*
*Desired Fragrance*
*Water 10 litre*
*Mix methanol with fragrance . This will make the fragrance to incorporate into the mixture. Thereby, not making the fragrance to float once the product is ready*
*The next step is to pour your texapon*
*Mix colour with water and add to the mixture. Air freshener is ready*
____________________________
*Candle making*
Ingredients/Materials Needed For Candle Making.
*There are 3 basic materials needed in the production of candles. When you look at a candle, what do you see? Wax and a tiny thread that runs from the base of the candle through the top. But you also need something oily to prevent it from burning uncontrollably. Hence the materials needed are:*
1. Wax
2. Wick
3. Steric acid
1. *Candle Wax*
This is the main raw material and it forms the majority of the candle. It is the wax itself that is used to mould the candle into its shape, and it is what melts when it comes in contact with fire. The type of candle wax used now is called paraffin wax. Long ago, bees wax, produced by bees was used by candle makers, but as time went on, paraffin wax was discovered, which had by far better combustion properties in the sense that it had lower affinity, and therefore took more time to melt, hence, lasted longer. Paraffin wax differs in prices and can come in different colours. It is easy to find in the market. Just request for candle wax and paraffin would be shown to you. It is sold in slabs or pellets.
2. *Candle Wick*
The wick is that tiny thread that runs from the bottom of the candle through the top. It is considered by many as the soul of the candle. In today’s world, the type of wick used is the braided wick. The size of the candle and the materials you are using will determine the type of wick to use. Paraffin wax is soaked more easily, so it requires a thinner wick. You have to check the quality of the wick because a low quality wick can destroy the candle in the sense that if the wick burns faster than it should, it could lead to constant quenching of the candle fire.
3 *Steric Acid*
Before the discovery of paraffin, steric wax by itself was used to make candles using large wicks. These days, stearic acid is used with paraffin to help in combustion. The steric acid is mixed with the wax and serves as a regulator and fuel. It keeps the fire alive. It is a crystalline fatty acid that is usually colourless and odorless.
Materials needed*
1. Pot.
2. Stove.
3. Turning stick.
4. Candle Wax.
5. Wick.
6. Steric acid.
7. Mould
*Production process*
1. Melt your candle wax on a low heat.
2. When it melts, you pour in a quantity of your steric acid which i already mentioned it functions. *Turn/stir*
The production process varies from manual to the use of machines. A candle making machine costs from N100k and above, depending on the size and capability. The production process, using machines or manually is usually either of these.
3. Pouring: Pouring is simple. After the raw materials have been mixed and are hot and melted, a tube with the shape you want the candle to be is brought (or a series of tubes), the wick is placed inside the tube molds and the hot wax is poured into the tube and left to cool before removing from the mold and packaging.
____________________________
Let's move on to *Facial Cleanser( 10 Ltrs)*
Materials needed
IPA - 6Ltrs
WATER - 3Ltrs
GLYCERIN - 1Ltr
COLOR - your choice
*Production process*
Put IPA in a bowl
Add water
Add Glycerin
Add color
Stir
Package and leave for 48mins before using
*Please note*
Physical Effects of Ethanol and Methanol
Ethanol - If you ingest ethanol, you will begin to feel intoxicated. Only after a large dose will you feel ill, vomit, or develop alcohol poisoning.
Methanol - should never be ingested, inhaled, or come in contact with your skin. Even a small dose, less than half a teaspoon, can cause blindness and less than four ounces is consistently fatal.
*This is the end of today's lecture please let's continue tomorrow, if you have any questions ask and I will come back to answer them*
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